Yahoo，最惡劣的言論自由打手(圖)

記者無國界組織說，雅虎顯然是該組織在對Yahoo!,Google,MSN以及其當地競爭者Baidu,的各種中國版本的搜索引擎進行的一項網路過濾測試中，最惡劣的言論自由侵犯者。

這項測試表明（這些搜索引擎）在過濾水平上存在的顯著差異。其中Yahoo.cn的過濾結果同baidu.cn一樣嚴格，而google.cn與msn.cn的測試版容許更多未經中國官方許可的信息通過。

儘管微軟公司剛剛表明它並未進行過濾行為，但是記者無國界組織發現其中文版的搜索引擎顯示的結果同承認進行了網頁內容過濾的google.cn類似。

使用「顛覆性」關鍵詞彙進行的搜索發顯示，在google.cn上平均顯示83％的親北京網站，而msn.cn顯示78％。相比之下，在對未經過濾的搜索引擎，如google.com,進行的測試卻只顯示出 28％的親北京信息。可是，微軟公司像古狗一樣似乎不是通過過濾內容對特定的詞彙進行阻隔，而是拒絕搜索官方認為非法的網站地址。

這個新聞自由組織對yahoo.cn的過濾程度特別震驚。首先，其對「顛覆性」關鍵詞彙的搜索結果顯示97％是親北京的。因此，甚至比其中國競爭者百度更加嚴格。不僅如此，這個組織發現，使用一些特定的詞彙，如6－4（天安門64大屠殺的日期），或者「西藏獨立」搜索時，都會暫時性的阻止了這些搜索工具使用。如果你在搜索工具中輸入這些詞彙，首先你會得到一個錯誤信息。如果你這時候再回頭進行一項新的搜索請求，即使使用中性詞彙，yahoo.cn都會停止響應。它至少要一個小時後才會恢復提供服務。這種過濾方式未被任何一個外國搜索引擎使用，只有百度也是使用了同樣的技術。

記者無國界組織呼籲在專制國家運行搜索引擎的公司拒絕對所謂「受保護性」的內容，如人權與民主信息，進行過濾。該組織強調：「我們相信即使不背叛其道德原則，這些公司仍然能進入中國市場。可是，他們必須在同中國官方關係問題上採取堅定與清晰的立場。」

詞彙
記者無國界組織使用了以下這些「顛覆性」詞彙：「6－4」 （天安門64大屠殺的日期），「法輪功」，「西藏獨立」，「民主」，「人權」和「新聞自由」。每個搜索引擎的前10項搜索結果經過分析後，被劃分為「合法」信息來源與「非法」信息來源顯示如下。

對「言論自由」在中國的搜索結果，前十個結果：

Google.com: 7個「非法」，3個「合法」網址（共七千二百萬項結果）

Google.cn: 5個「非法」，3個「合法」（共五千二百萬項結果）

Msn.cn (Beta): 3個「非法」，7個「合法」（八十萬項結果）

Yahoo.cn: 1個「非法」，9個「合法」（二十四萬項結果）

Baidu.cn: 3個「非法」，7個「合法」（共四十五萬項結果）

記者無國界組織進行的全部的測試結果如下：
http://www.rsf.org/IMG/xls/060614chine_moteurs_GB.xls


記者無國界授權六四天網翻譯，請以記者無國界英文版本為準。
http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=18015
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China 15 June 2006

Yahoo! clear worst offender in censorship tests on search engines

Reporters Without Borders said it found Yahoo! to be the clear worst offender in censorship tests the organisation carried out on Chinese versions of Internet search engines Yahoo!, Google, MSN as well as their local competitor Baidu.

The testing threw up significant variations in the level of filtering. While yahoo.cn censors results as strictly as baidu.cn, search engines google.cn and the beta version of msn.cn let through more information from sources that are not authorized by the authorities.

While Microsoft has just said it does not operate censorship, Reporters Without Borders found that the Chinese version of its search engine displays similar results to those of google.cn, which admits to filtering its content. Searches using a "subversive" key word display on average 83% of pro-Beijing websites on google.cn, against 78% on msn.cn. By contrast, the same type of request on an uncensored search engine, like google.com, produces only 28% of pro-Beijing sources of information. However, Microsoft like Google appears not to filter content by blocking certain keywords but by refusing to include sites considered illegal by the authorities.

The press freedom organisation is particularly shocked by the scale of censorship on yahoo.cn. first because the search results on 「subversive」 key words are 97% pro-Beijing. It is therefore censoring more than its Chinese competitor Baidu. Above all, the organisation was able to show that requests using certain terms, such as 6-4 (4 June, date of the Tiananmen Square massacre), or "Tibet independence", temporarily blocked the search tool. If you type in one of these terms on the search tool, first you receive an error message. If you then go back to make a new request, even with a neutral key word, yahoo.cn refuses to respond. It takes one hour before the service can be used again. This method is not used by any other foreign search tools; only Baidu uses the same technique.

Reporters Without Borders calls for search engines operating in repressive countries to refuse to censor certain content said to be 「protected」, such as information on human rights and democracy. "We are convinced that these companies can still access the Chinese market without betraying their ethical principles. They must however adopt a firm and clear position in relation to the Chinese authorities」, it stressed.

Methodology

Reporters Without Borders tested Chinese search engines by using the following 「subversive」 key words: 「6-4」 (4 June, date of the Tiananmen Square massacre), 「Falungong」, Tibet Independence」, 「Democracy」, 「Human rights」 and 「press freedom」. The first ten results displayed by each search egine were analysed and then divided into 「authorized」 and 「unauthorized」 sources of information.

Research test on "press freedom" (in Chinese), the first ten results:

- Google.com: 7 「unauthorized」, 3 「authorized」 sites (72 million results)
- Google.cn: 5 "unauthorized", 3 "authorized" (52 million results)
- Msn.cn (Beta): 3 "unauthorized", 7 "authorized" (800,000 results)
- Yahoo.cn: 1 "unauthorized", 9 "authorized" (240,000 results)
- Baidu.cn: 3 "unauthorized", 7 "authorized" (450,000 results)

Full results of the tests carried out by Reporters Without Borders :
Excel - 28.5 kb
Full results

Distribution of results (JPEG)

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