「西安事變」是中國近代史的轉折點。當時，已經面臨被消滅命運的中共及其武裝力量紅軍，由此得以生存，並在國軍與日軍血戰的縫隙中得以坐大，並最終在日本失敗後從國府手中奪取政權。
本刊獲得最新「西安事變」原始史料證明，早在事變前半年多，毛澤東、彭德懷就聯名寫信給張學良，表示要撤退前線的紅軍，正式提出要與張學良聯合組織「國防政府與抗日聯軍」。在張與毛由人牽線聯繫上之後，才有這封毛、彭致張的信函。（不過，「12.9」學生運動領導人宋黎和劉鼎的回憶錄都載有張學良加入了中共之說。而且宋黎就是介紹人。）1936年4月，周恩來同特工首領之一的李克農與張學良曾經會面。
第二封信由毛澤東、周恩來、博古、張聞天代名，日期為1936年8月，共6頁。最後一頁是眾多國共領導人的聯絡假名及一些暗號。僅第1頁的若干意見，就提出了如何奪取蘭州，出兵綏遠，進佔甘、涼、肅，取寧夏，控制陝甘寧交界處的黃河東岸，通過已經安排好的新疆配合，最後打通蘇聯的具體用兵計畫。該計畫顯示，從目的到具體措施，它都與抗日無關。它旨在全力打擊以蔣中正為首的國民政府的抗日力量，從而有利於蘇聯及日本。這就表明，西安事變是一起賣國事變。
第三份引人注目的文件共有八條，一方由毛澤東簽字，另一方應由張學良簽字。據稱由於「事變發生而未來得及簽字。其內容是張與毛的相互配合與協調的原則。其中第一條的甲、乙項是建立「聯合戰線」，丙項則是「建立中華民主共和國」，即他們聯合的目標是推翻中華民國。這份以抗日為名的「協定」已經送到張之手，還沒有來得及與毛並列簽字，蔣已抵達西安，事變隨即發生了。
第四份文件的結尾，是張學良在南京被扣之後佯裝「自省」的冠冕堂皇的表白。他似乎忘了他早就暗聯毛澤東中共，開始了推翻中華民國，賣國予蘇聯，從而在根本上有利於日本的陰謀活動。這些文件，白紙黑字，赫然在目。
至於李宗仁的文件，則與西安事變無關。那是1933年兩廣對抗南京國民政府之事。而到1935年，兩廣已與國民政府達成協議，共同參加了1935年的中國國民黨第五次代表大會，決定先清除中共，然後一致對日作戰。西安事變前夕，兩廣為剿滅中共，已派大軍北上。只是事變發生，才改變了這一歷史進程。
下面這些就是張學良的印度飛機駕駛員海嵐.里昂所收藏的有關西安事變的重要私人檔案。當時他把它們帶到香港，一放就是大半個世紀。他的後人打算出售，但是張學良的兒子並無積極性收回，一拖再拖。斯坦福大學胡佛研究所出價十幾萬美元，後來中國大陸西安文管所得知，竟以二十多倍的價錢買走。這裡的還不是全部，只是張學良和毛澤東、彭德懷的協議等要件。
以下圖片皆可點圖看大圖:
made it very clear that Chiang Kai-shek was fully in control of the Nationalist army, and that any detente would be impossible without Chiang's cooperation. Further complicating the issue was the fact that Chiang considered the Communists the greater threat to him, as opposed to the Japanese, whom he considered a minor annoyance.
As the year went on, Chiang became frustrated and then suspicious of the Young Marshal's lack of progress against the Communist forces, so much so that Zhang staged mock battles and engagements with the Communists as a cover. In October of 1936 Chiang Kai-shek announced that he would step up his "suppression campaign" against the Communists. At nearly the same time, the Japanese army invaded and was repulsed in the Suiyuan Campaign, giving many in China the hope that Japan could be successfully resisted.
In December Chiang Kai-shek flew to Xi'an to test the loyalty of the Kuomintang (KMT) forces under Zhang, and to personally lead an attack on nearby Communist forces. Zhang Xueliang and another General, Yang Hucheng, tried desperately to convince Chiang to join forces with the Communist army to resist the Japanese. When they were unable to elicit a compromise, they took matters into their own hands, and on December 12, 1936, Zhang and his forces stormed Chiang's headquarters and arrested Chiang, triggering the Xi'an Incident.
The Xi'an Incident was reported at the time as a treasonous coup by Zhang, but it is fairer to describe it as a "forced negotiation process." Chiang Kai-shek was kept under house arrest for nearly two weeks, during which time Zhang and Yang asked the Communists to send a delegation to Xi'an to discuss the fate of China. For much of the time Chiang resisted negotiations, until it became clear that his life and freedom depended upon it.
On December 17, the CPC delegation, including Zhou Enlai, arrived, but negotiations with Chiang were not fruitful. On December 22, Madame Chiang Kai-shek and her brother T.V. Soong arrived to continue negotiations, and on December 24, an informa丨 agreement was reached (though Chiang Kai- shek never officially signed any peace documents). Hostilities between the two sides, however, immediately ceased, allowing for a successful resistance to Japan.
After Chiang's release, Zhang Xueliang was arrested, tried in a military court, and sentenced to 10 years for his part in the incident, though he wound up spending nearly the rest of his life (until 1989) under house arrest. In the immediate aftermath of the Xi'an Incident, Zhang asked Hyland Lyon to act as bodyguard to his wife, Edith Chao, and young son, Bobby. For the next 5 years, while Zhang was in prison in Shanghai, Lyon piloted the family about, took care of many important domestic transactions and accompanied them on their travels. He finally left China in 1941, returning to Los Angeles with 6 steamer trunks full of his personal collection of photography and documents, in addition to a small lockbox of documents.
海嵐•里昂(Hyland "Bud" Lyon)
西安事變相關文件
海嵐•里昂先生曾做過特技演員、賽車選手及修車師。移居中國之前，他曾在洛杉磯近郊的柏班克（Burbank)擔任專業飛機維 修師，隨後在1934年因追隨一名愛慕已久的女藝人搬往中國上海 居住。到了中國之後，里昂先生成為中國航空公司（CNAC)飛機技師，與當時身處中國的一小群美僑與外僑共同建立起中國 的航空事業。來到中國一年之後，就在他正要放棄回國之時，
東北軍閥「少帥」張學良（亦是蔣介石身邊的一名將 領）邀請他擔任機械師與飛機副駕駛。在接下來的五年中，里昂先生便受托一直待在張學良及其家人身邊，擔任張學良的飛機駕駛、機械師與保鑣等重要角色，與其共同度過了這段中國近代史上最為混沌的時光。
張學良的父親是奉糸軍閥領袖張作霖（1875-1928)，曾與蔣介石的國民軍對抗，後遭日本關東軍暗殺。張學良年少玩事不恭，沈迷煙毒，但在父親遇刺後一改前非，與蔣介石合作抵曰抗俄，致力於中國的統一大業。
一九三六年四月，張學良背著蔣介石與周恩來談判，希望結束 國共敵對狀態。張學良當時雖然一直希望湊成國共合作，能夠 停止內鬥並共同抗日，但卻向中國共產黨清楚表明國民軍應由 蔣介石全權掌控，而任何的停戰協議也必須得到蔣介石的同意 才能簽署。然而問題在於蔣介石仇共遠遠大於仇日，認為曰本 事小，共產黨才是心腹之患。
幾個月下來，張學良在剿匪方面毫無進展，使得蔣介石先是惱怒，並開始懷疑張學良的忠誠。張學良因而與共軍佯裝作戰，以掩蓋談判實情。一九三六年十月，蔣介石突然親率部隊大力 加強剿共，並且又在綏西戰役中大敗日軍，使得國軍抗日士氣大振。該年十二月，蔣介石飛抵西安親自領軍剿共，同時也是測試張學良部隊的忠誠。蔣抵達西安後，張學良與楊虎城兩位將軍竭力勸說蔣介石與共產黨聯手抗日，但蔣介石始終不肯讓步。一九三六年十二月十二日，張學良手下衝入蔣介石總部將其逮捕，西安事變由此展開。
西安事變在當時被定調為張學良背黨叛國事件，然而或許應該視為迫使蔣介石上談判桌的一種手法。蔣介石連續兩週被拘禁，而張學良與楊虎城則趁此機會要求共產黨派遣代表前來西安共商國家前途命運。蔣介石直到生命與自由遭到嚴中威脅之際才願意上談判桌。
十二月十七日，共產黨派遺周恩來等人前來西安協商，但談判未果。十二月二十二日，蔣宋美齡及其兄宋子文抵達西安繼續協商，直到十二月二十四日才達成協議》當時蔣介石並未簽署任何協議書，但國共敵對狀態立即冰釋，以便能夠協力抗曰。
蔣介石被釋放後，張學良立即被逮捕，並送軍法審判，結果判十年有期徒刑，但最終以軟禁形式度過終身，直到1989年才被釋放。西安事變過後不久，張學良托里昂先生擔任張妻趙一荻與幼子張閭琳的貼身侍衛。接下來的五年，張學良在上海服刑， 而里昂先生協助趙一荻母子處理重要家務，並駕駛飛機帶她們四處奔走。里昂先生在一九四一年離開了中國，帶著裝載個人文件與相片的六大行李箱以及受張家所托儲存私密物件的保險箱回到了洛杉磯。
（ 以下是上面紅色信箋內筆跡的內容）
將軍足下：
頃晤少卿團長，欣悉足下與鼎方對抗日救國的血誠始終不懈，始終不為環境所打動，對抗日紅軍，不僅無繼續阻擾企圖，且願給以實際幫助，此中華民族的幸運，亦兄等千秋萬代的偉業。
今日之事，也非日本應不應該給予打擊和抵抗的問題，亦非東北健兒有沒有抗日的勇氣和決心的問題，而是在決心抗日救國的基礎上，以冷靜至誠的態度，謹慎（原文作精審）週到的精神，來同盟抗日救國的策略和步驟的問題。
因此特派本方面軍政治部李克農同志，傳達微忱，並提出下列問題以資討論。
一、 從本月十六日起，我軍即下令撤去甘泉、虜施之圍，雙方停止敵對行動，同盟抗日。
二、 目前各就原防，做抗日的一十萬準備。
三、 各派全權代表商定停戰辦法，以及抗日的 作戰協定——時間地點再商定。
四、 我們提議組織國防政府與抗日聯軍，漢卿兄有何意見？
五、 在抗日問題上，東北軍可能採取的最低限度的步驟，這一步驟不論是積極的或是消極的，漢卿兄有何意見？
當然，上述討論，只是初步的協商，仍望足下堅定其與日本不共戴天之誓，深切瞭解紅軍抗日之誠，達到在抗日聯軍戰線上，共同奮鬥。
事急矣，時亦迫矣。萬方多難，國勢險危，華北淪亡，民族疹瘁，枕干戈以衛社稷，誰為抗日之雄，息箕豆相煎之嫌，願結同仇之誼。知 足下家仇國恥，常思建白於國人。我們是斷鐵斬釘，堅決收復我東北，因夙致意，不盡所懷，引頜南天，佇侯明教。
敬致 勛祺
中國工農紅軍第一方面軍
司令員 彭德懷
政治委員 毛澤東
（ 以下是上面l藍色筆跡的內容）
李毅 （按：即張學良）同志（按：稱同志）：
一、 趙年（按：即潘漢年）同志從趙聯（按：即蘇聯）返回，根據趙聯同志意見，國內及西北的形勢，對于兄所提出的問題及意見，經過慎重討論，有如下的意見，即令趙年來西安與我兄商酌。
二、 根據二、四方面軍北上，西南事變發展，日本對綏、蒙進攻情況，我們認為兄部須立即相約配合紅軍，選定九、十月間的有利時機，決心發動抗日局面，而以佔蘭州、打通趙蘇，鞏固內部，出兵綏遠為基本戰略方針。
三、 乘蔣注意西南方面無力北顧之際，我們的整個計畫，須對於八、九、十三個月完成基本部分。
四、 佔領蘭州是整個計畫的樞紐。其方法用東北軍守城，紅軍二、四方面軍攻擊城外之毛炳文。勝利後紅軍一部轉向蘭州上游，給馬步芳以打擊；然後以一部取甘、涼、肅，一部取寧夏，配合東北軍之一個軍出綏遠，抵禦德王的進攻，樹起抗日的旗幟。紅軍之另一部則在陝甘寧交界控制黃河東岸，並準備南下策應東北軍主力抵抗蔣的進攻。
五、 東北軍以致其三個師好好地控制蘭州，如此著成功，則可在今年秋天三個月內，完成打通趙聯的任務。我們必須堅信打通趙聯是保證西北勝利（更不說全國勝利）的基本點。而要在秋天打通趙聯，不使推到冬天氣候條件最困難時去做，則必須以佔領蘭州為樞紐。此戰略就鞏固內部來說，好好地完全佔領蘭州，也是絕對必要的，準備必要時以蘭州中心。
六、 對甘、涼、肅的佔領，最好使用東北軍之一部，留出紅軍在外面用；但如東北軍覺有困難，便應以紅軍之一部用於此方面。因為拿打通趙聯的意義來說，佔領甘、涼、肅比佔領寧夏更為重要。這是不受日本威脅，有永久保障的一條路。新疆的協助與趙聯的接觸，已不成問題，其詳情問趙年同志。
6
ZHANG XUELIANG. 1901-2001.
Autograph Manuscript Signed in character 5 times, 8 pp, 16mo, n.p., "night January 6, 26th year of the Republic" (i.e. 1937), housed in a small red leatherette journal, very minor wear.
THE YOUNG MARSHALS FAREWELL MESSAGES, WRITTEN ON THE PLANE RIDE BETWEEN XI'AN AND NANJING. After the release of Chiang Kai-shek on December 25, Zhang Xueliang chose to return to the capital with the Generalissimo. Once there, Chiang had Zhang arrested and tried in a military tribunal, where he was convicted and sentenced to ten years (but Wound up spending most of the rest of his life in confinement).
丁his document, a series of messages to the people of China, his family and friends, reveals Zhang's intention to kill himself rather than be subjected to the unknown humiliation that awaited him.
From the first part, translated: "I sincerely have faith in the salvation of the country; however my conduct has been anti-national. Having vowed to be a faithful and trustworthy man, I never expected to let this happen. The most heartbreaking thing is seeing the Japanese find pleasure in their oppression over the Chinese. Rather than witness the fall of our country,
I will take my own life. Hopefully this will end some problems. I wish the leaders of our country to be morally conscious with an awareness of their actions. I have repeatedly expressed my thoughts to Mr. Chiang who possesses extraordinary intelligence. If Mr. Chiang would reconsider my opinions, I would greatly appreciate it
To his family, Zhang writes: "I your brother (father) was straight forwardly reckless. I worked for the salvation of our country, however had no good solutions. The Northwest incident was never planned. Therefore, I came to the capital alone hoping to end the problems. My intention was to save the country from Japanese imperialism and had never expected to let things turn out like this. I do not want to stay alive dfid let other problems arise because of me. Even though I may not have directly caused their death, I am indirectly responsible. I take total responsibility for all the problems. For our country and our families, all the Zhang descendants will swear to take revenge against Japan and will not forget this in the future." The rest of the document, addressed to T.V. Soong, Jimmy Elder, General Tan Enbo, and two others, gives detailed instructions regarding the dispensation of Zhang's vast estate.
$40,000 - 60,000 HKD$300,000 - 400,000
張學良（ 1901-2001 )手書
親筆簽名信，共五枚簽名，共八頁，16mo尺寸，書寫地點不詳。日期為 中華民國二十六年（一九三七年）一月六日。置於紅色小皮套內，磨損 極輕微。「少帥」張學良由西安飛往南京途中所寫之告別信。
張學良十二月二十五日將蔣介石釋放後，選擇與蔣介石一同返回南京。 抵達南京後，蔣介石立即下令將張學良速捕，以軍法審判。張學良被判十年有期徒刑，但最終以軟禁形式度過終身。
本文件為張學良寫給親友及全中國人民的一糸列訴求，文中表示寧可自盡也不願意接受屈辱。
文件第一部分的大意如下：余誠意救國，到現在反成為誤國。平生以信義自詡，不期有今曰。余最痛心者，為日本小鬼所快意。余不願見亡國之事，願自了，而使他事好了，並盼當國諸公良心上加以醒覺。介公方面，余已再三陳之矣。想介公聰慧過人，乞再察良言，良為三叩首矣。
張學良叮囑家人部分概略轉述如下：兄(父)生性直魯，救國有心，為事之計，西北端起，非余所初計。余支身來京，期了去_，以救國家身， 勿曰本帝國主義所快，不期有今曰，余不願留求一身，而使事變，更生枝節，余雖不殺伯仁，伯仁因我而死，余當負其責也，願張氏子孫為國為家，同日本不共戴天之仇，願世世勿忘，傳弟、妹、子、姪、女、甥、兒全體。
文件末尾則是向宋子文、詹母士 •奧德(Jimmy Elder)、譚恩波將軍及另兩人交代張家財產的分配。
Shanghai, c.1936
7
LYON, HYLAND "BUD." 1908-1973.
A large collection of photographs, correspondence, and memorabilia, much of it relating to Lyon's years in China, 1934-1941, but also including early and late material, as follows:
Box 1
Album of Lyon's early years, with photographs of him as an infant, child and young man, along with early letters to his grandmother.
Album of Lyon's Hollywood years, 1925-1934, including film stills and images of him as an auto mechanic, actor, stunt man, and pilot.
LYON'S CORRESPONDENCE FROM CHINA: 89 letters (Autograph Letters Signed and Letters Signed), approximately 250 pp, 4to and 8vo, various places in China and the Pacific, September 14, 1934 to July 21, 1940, on various letterheads including the CNAC, Nan-Hu Airfield, and several ocean liners, most to his grandmother but a few other correspondents, being a dear, detailed first-hand narrative of his years in China in the service of the CNAC, the Young Marshal, and others.
Box 2
A large collection of documents and photographs relating to CNAC, the aviation ground school at Nan-Hu Airfield, and his work post-Xi'an Incident with the Young Marshal's family. Includes correspondence and a large series of telegrams sent back and forth between Lyon, Julius Barr, James Elder, and other influential figures.
4 small metal luggage tags stamped "Marshal Chang Hsiao Liang" and individually numbered (26, 129, 172, 300).
11 Autograph Letters and Notes Signed by Edith Chao, to Mr. Lyon, along with several canceled checks also signed by her, and together with a checkbook bearing an inscription identifying it as the Young Marshal's.
Box 3
A collection of early photos relating to Lyon's childhood and film career. Approximately 20 Autograph Letters Signed of Dee St. Claire, the showgirl Lyon followed to China, c.1935; together with a signed photograph of St. Claire.
A small accordion file with printed cards, many annotated, of Lyon's China contacts.
Typed transcriptions of Lyon's letters, likely by his grandmother Jane Hunter, housed in blue 3-ring binder.
A collection of Lyon's auto and pilot's licenses from China, etc.
A large piece of shrapnel removed from Lyon's body, 1930s.
A small address book and journal, dated March-July 1937, describing an illness and hospital stay, plus his movements about Hangkow with Elder and Julius Barr.
Box 4
Original correspondence from Jane C. Hunter, Lyon's grandmother,
1930s-1950s, covering his years in China. Over 200 letters containing much news of family and life in US, commentary on Bud's letters home. Trunk 1
21 3-ring binders featuring Lyon's typed narrative illustrated with photographs and clippings, titled "China in the Raw" and covering the years 1935-1941, quoting heavily from his own writings as well as news sources.
Approximately 4000 frames of 35 mm film negatives housed in 9 red leatherette albums and consecutively numbered: images of Lyon's years in China.
3 red leatherette albums, oblong 8vo, each with mounted gelatin silver prints of Lyon's images, various sizes (2x3 inches to 5 x 7 inches), including images of city and country life in China in the 1930s, the various CNAC airplanes Lyon worked on, Chinese in formation, and atrocities committed by Japanese troops, among others.
Trunk 2
A large collection (exceeding 2000) of loose silver gelatin prints of Lyon's photos of China, most 4x5 inches, many with his photographer's stamp, some identified in pencil. Views of people, places, and events in China, 1935-1941.
Trunks 3-4
Lyon's personal papers from his later years, including documentation relating to patent efforts and machine shop business, personal correspondence and photographs. Together with a large collection of clippings and newspapers from his years in China.
Other items include: Lyon's CNAC pilot's blazer, 3 lithographed CNAC posters from the period, and a set of embroidered CNAC "wings"; a collection of travel labels from passenger liners and hotels throughout the far east; a collection of stamps of the period; a calligraphic wall hanging; and a canister of film featuring an early newsreel biography of the Young Marshal.
